Fluid Flow
A Self-Instructional Problem Workbook

Ihab H. Farag
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of New Hampshire

Published by ETS Professional Training Institute
© 1995 Louis Theodore. 486 pages. ISBN 1-882767-16-0.

Table of Contents

Basic Operations
Conversion of Units · Weight and Mole Fraction · Average Molecular Weight · Temperature Terms · Pressure Terms · Ideal Gas Law · Actual and Standard Volumetric Flow Rates · Mass Flow Rate and Standard Volumetric Flow Rate · Force, Stress and Pressure · Strain Rate, Shear Rate, and Velocity Field · Force Balance · Viscosity and Newtonian Fluids · Surface Tension: Capillary Rise · Surface Tension: Droplet Pressure Increase · Vapor Pressure and Cavitation · Velocity, Mass Flux, and Linear Momentum · Reynolds Number · Compressible versus Incompressible Flow · Velocity Distribution and Volumetric Flow Rate · Non-Newtonian Fluids · Pipe and Tube Sizes · Conservation Law for Mass · Conservation Law for Energy · Conservation Law for Linear Momentum · Updating/Predicting Equipment Costs · Linearization of Non-linear Data · Integration · Differentiation · Newton-Raphson Method · Graphical Solutions to Complex Equations · Decision Trees

Problems
Fluid Statics (STAT)
STAT 1: Hydrostatic Bernoulli's Equation
STAT 2: Buoyancy Effects; Archimedes' Law
STAT 3: Hydrostatic Equilibrium in Centrifugation

Fluid Flow Equations (FFEQ)
FFEQ 1: Steady State Integral Mass Balance
FFEQ 2: Transient Integral Mass Balance
FFEQ 3: Energy Balance
FFEQ 4: Flow Work and Enthalpy
FFEQ 5: Bernoulli's Equation
FFEQ 6: Unsteady State Bernoulli's Equation
FFEQ 7: Steady State Momentum Balance
FFEQ 8: Momentum Balance on a Nozzle

Dimensional Analysis (DIMA)
DIMA 1: Dimensional Analysis, Buckingham Pi Theorem
DIMA 2: Scale-up and Similarity

Pipe Flow (PIPE)
PIPE 1: Tank Draining: Torricelli's Equation
PIPE 2: Laminar Flow Through a Circular Tube
PIPE 3: Pipe Entrance Length
PIPE 4: Turbulent Flow: Law of the Wall
PIPE 5: Turbulent Flow in Smooth Pipes
PIPE 6: Turbulent Flow in Rough Pipes
PIPE 7: Viscosity Effect in Pipe Flow
PIPE 8: Flow Rate Calculations
PIPE 9: Pipe Sizing

Non-Circular Conduits (NONC)
NONC 1: Hydraulic Diameter Definition
NONC 2: Hydraulic Diameter Application

Valves, Fittings, and Others (VALV)
VALV 1: Losses from Valves and Fittings
VALV 2: Pipe Flow with Entrance and Exit Losses

Pipe Systems (PSYS)
PSYS 1: Series Pipe Flow
PSYS 2: Parallel Pipe Flow

Pumps, Fans and Compressors (PUMP)
PUMP 1: Sizing of Pump for Piping System
PUMP 2: Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curves
PUMP 3: Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

Fluid Particle Dynamics (FPDN)
FPDN 1: Stokes' Flow
FPDN 2: Hindered Settling, Wall Effects and Cunningham Correction
FPDN 3: Settling Velocity and Hydraulic Separation
FPDN 4: Atmospheric Discharge

Porous Medium (PORM)
PORM 1: Porous Medium Velocity and Reynolds Number
PORM 2: Flow Rate in Ion Exchanger
PORM 3: Baghouse Pressure Drop and Cleaning Frequency
PORM 4: Collection Efficiency Model

Fluidization (FLDZ)
FLDZ 1: Minimum Fluidization Velocity
FLDZ 2: Fluidization: Pressure Drop and Bed Height

Non-Newtonian Fluids (NONF)
NONF 1: Power-Law and Apparent Viscosity

Flow Measurement (FLOM)
FLOM 1: Viscosity Measurement
FLOM 2: Manometry and Pressure Measurements
FLOM 3: Velocity Measurement: Pitot Tube
FLOM 4: Venturi Meter
FLOM 5: Orifice Meter
FLOM 6: Constriction Meter for Flow Rate

Advanced Section Velocity (VELV)
VELV 1: Velocity Vector, Kinematics, Acceleration
VELV 2: Incompressible, Irrotational and Potential Flow

Pressure (PRES)
PRES 1: Pressure Distribution Equation
PRES 2: Pressure Distribution in Rigid-Body Motion: Uniform Linear Acceleration PRES 3: Pressure Distribution in Irrotational Incompressible Flow

Mass Balance (MASB)
MASB 1: The Continuity Equation

Momentum Balance (MOMB)
MOMB 1: Flow of a Falling Film
MOMB 2: Von Karman Mass Integral Analysis of Boundary Layer
MOMB 3: Von Karman Momentum Integral Analysis of Boundary Layer

Appendix A: Glossary
Appendix B: Tables
Common Conversion Factors
Properties of Common Gases at 1 atm and 20 C (68 F)
Properties of Common Liquids at 1 atm and 20 C (68 F)
Properties of Water at 1 atm
Properties of Air at 1 atm
Dimensions, Capacities, and Weights of Standard Steel Pipes
Dimensions of Heat Exchanger Tubes
Lapple's Table: Drag Coefficient of Spheres
Average Roughness of Commercial Pipe
Resistance Coefficients for Open Valves, Elbows and Tees
Increased Losses of Partially Open Valves
90-Degree Pipe Bends Loss Coefficient
Entrance and Exit Loss Coefficients
Tyler Standard Screen Mesh Table

Appendix C: Figures
Absolute Viscosity of Liquids
Absolute Viscosity of Gases and Vapors at 1 atm
Cox's Chart: Vapor Pressure of Selected Liquids
Drag Coefficient for Spheres, Disks, and Cylinders
The Moody Chart for Pipe Friction Factor (Smooth and Rough Walls)
Discharge Coefficient of Drilled Circular Orifice Plates

Appendix D: Selected Common Abbreviations

Index

Tutorials